The Social Security Administration (SSA) has started using a new process for assigning Social Security Numbers (SSNs): randomization. This change is designed to extend the longevity of the nine-digit SSN and enhance identity protection.

Previously, the first three SSN digits (area number) were assigned by state (e.g., 545-573 California; 449-467 Texas; 050-134 New York). However, the state-driven area number assignment had limitations and, with only approximately 420 million available SSNs, the SSA amended the process to extend the longevity of nine-digit SSNs.

According to the SSA, randomization “will help protect an individual’s SSN by making it more difficult to reconstruct an SSN using public information.” Moreover, the SSA stated that it will continue its practice of not assigning 00 or 0000 for the group number (digits 4-5) or serial number (digits 6-9). SSA also has issued updated guidance on how to identify invalid or impossible SSNs.

The new process began on June 25, 2011, nearly four years after the SSA announced its intention to randomize SSNs. In addition to removing state-based area numbers, randomization will affect the assignment process as follows:

• Eliminate the significance of the highest group number. As a result, the High Group List will be frozen in time and can be used for validation of SSNs issued prior to the randomization implementation date.
• Assign area numbers that previously were not used, with the exception of 000, 666 and 900-999.