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Employers are Preparing Now to Tackle 2019's Newest Labor and Employment Laws

By James A. Paretti, Jr. and Michael J. Lotito

  • 16 minute read

As 2018 draws to a close, employers are looking to the next wave of labor and employment laws and regulations that will take effect in 2019 and beyond. On January 1, and throughout the coming year, employers across the nation must address a host of new or amended federal, state, and/or local obligations. This article summarizes the laws and regulations taking effect in 2019 that will impact most employers, and highlights some anticipated activity in the coming months. 

Federal Activity

The majority of labor and employment bills stalled in the 115th Congress. The most significant federal legislative development in 2018 that impacted employment law was Congress’s omnibus budget bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act (“the Act”). The Act amended the Fair Labor Standards Act by addressing rules affecting tipped employees and tip ownership. Specifically, the Act expressly prohibits an employer from keeping tips received by its employees for any purposes (this includes allowing managers or supervisors to keep any portion of employees’ tips), regardless of whether the employer takes a tip credit.1

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017, impacts certain deductions and reporting provisions for 2018 in 2019. For example, the law eliminated, at least through 2025, the exclusion for employer-paid relocation expenses, the deduction for employer-paid transportation fringe benefits, and the business deduction for entertainment expenses.2

This tax law also included a provision that eliminates a business expense deduction related to nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) in connection with the settlement of sexual harassment claims. The law amends section 162 of the tax code, which generally allows businesses to deduct certain business expenses, to provide that no business expense deduction will be allowed for: (1) any settlement or payment related to sexual harassment or sexual abuse if such settlement or payment is subject to a nondisclosure agreement, or (2) attorney’s fees related to such a settlement or payment. This exclusion applies to amounts paid or incurred after December 22, 2017, the date the tax bill was enacted. As a practical matter, this new restriction means employers must decide on a case-by-case basis whether any amount paid to settle a sexual harassment claim is significant enough to be worth the tax deduction at the expense of an NDA.

Immigration policy and enforcement remains a Trump administration priority. Although no immigration-related bill advanced in 2018, employers will likely continue to see increased U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement activity and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) policy initiatives in response to White House directives on immigration.3 Further changes are anticipated from USCIS in 2019.4

For the most part, federal employment law activity has been confined to the regulatory arena. For example, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) issued a proposed rule in September that would reverse the NLRB’s 2015 Browning-Ferris Industries decision and clarify the standard for joint employment.5 The comment period for the proposed rule will close on December 13, 2018; and a final rule is expected sometime in 2019.  The DOL's Wage and Hour Division also may propose its own joint employer rule, a re-vamped “white collar” overtime proposed rule, and a rule clarifying the “regular rate” of pay calculation for purposes of overtime compensation.6  Some final rules will take effect immediately, while others might afford employers a compliance grace period.

State and Local Activity

While federal legislative developments may have been slow in 2018, state and local lawmakers picked up the slack. As the chart below demonstrates, states and municipalities have adopted new laws and ordinances that will take effect in 2019 on a variety of topics, including protected time off, sexual harassment training, and salary history inquiries.

Many new state and local laws enacted in 2018 have already taken effect. The chart below focuses only on those laws with effective dates in 2019 or later. Readers interested in keeping abreast of legislative activity at the state and local levels should follow State of the States, our monthly report featuring notable bills and trends percolating in the statehouses and city halls nationwide.7

Laws Taking Effect in 2019

The chart below briefly recaps laws and regulations that will become effective in the few remaining weeks of 2018 and in 2019. Although local and industry-specific laws may be listed, these samples are included primarily to highlight compliance challenges employers face. Further, this chart does not include all state and local minimum wage updates. A complete discussion of minimum wage rate changes for 2019 can be found in a separate Littler Insight to be published later this month. Because the below chart is only a summary and does not include all possibly applicable federal, state, and local laws, employers are encouraged to discuss with knowledgeable counsel the local, state, and/or federal laws that will apply to the employer’s workplace in 2019.

 

Federal
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
Executive Order 13658Contractor Minimum WageIncreases to $10.60 per hour the wage rate that generally must be paid to workers performing work on or in connection with covered contracts; increases to 7.40 per hour the required minimum cash wage that generally must be paid to tipped employees performing work on or in connection with covered contracts.1/1/2019
EBSA Rule on Moral Exceptions Benefits: Contraceptive CoverageThese rules finalize expanded exemptions to protect moral beliefs for certain entities and individuals whose health plans are subject to a mandate of contraceptive coverage through guidance issued pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.1/14/2019
EBSA Rule on Religious Exceptions Benefits: Contraceptive CoverageThese rules expand exemptions to protect religious beliefs for certain entities and individuals whose health plans are subject to a mandate of contraceptive coverage through guidance issued pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.1/14/2019
OSHA Rule on Crane OperatorsConstruction: Training and Evaluation of Crane OperatorsAmends standards for construction employers concerning the training, certification or licensing, and evaluation of crane and derrick operators. Evaluation and documentation requirements take effect on February 7, 2019.12/09/2018

 

Alaska
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
HB 79Workers’ CompensationAmends Alaska Workers’ Compensation Act to define and exclude independent contractors from the benefits of the act, and prevents discrimination against employees who in good faith filed a workers’ compensation claim, but does not prohibit requiring applicants fill out a prior health or disability history form. 11/22/2018

 

California8
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
AB 1654PAGA Liability: Construction EmployersExcludes construction employees from coverage under the state Private Attorneys General Act, if covered by a collective bargaining agreement that includes certain provisions, such as an express waiver. Remains in effect until January 1, 2028. 1/01/2019
AB 1976Lactation AccommodationAmends lactation accommodation provisions to require employers to provide a location other than a bathroom to express milk.1/01/2019
AB 2034Human Trafficking Notice & TrainingMandates updated notice to be posted by January 1, 2019 by numerous types of employers (public transportation, emergency rooms, hotels, rest areas, etc.). Requires training for certain mass transit employees by January 1, 2021. 1/01/2019
AB 22829Salary HistoryAmends the statewide salary history ban, adding guidance about the questions an employer may ask during an interview and when employers must disclose pay scales for positions.1/01/2019
AB 233410Workplace SafetyAllows Cal/OSHA to issue recordkeeping citations for errors to logs, for up to five years. Empowers Cal/OSHA to consider enforcing electronic recordkeeping requirements if the federal agency ceases doing so.1/01/2019
AB 2338Sexual Harassment Training: Talent AgenciesRequires agencies to distribute anti-harassment materials, along with information about nutrition and eating disorders.1/01/2019
AB 2455Home Care Aide RegistryAuthorizes disclosure of home care aide contact information to labor unions, upon request, after July 1, 2019.1/01/2019
AB 2587Family Temporary Disability InsuranceRepeals the seven-day waiting period for the initial receipt of insurance benefits under the California family temporary disability insurance and the provision allowing employers to apply vacation leave to the waiting period. 1/01/2019
AB 2610Commercial Driver Exception to Meal Period LawsFor certain commercial drivers, requires a meal period after six hours of work, instead of five hours, if the driver is paid at 1.5 times the minimum wage and receives overtime compensation.1/01/2019
AB 277011Discrimination and Harassment: ReferencesAllows a former employer to state it would not rehire a former employee based on the employer’s determination that the former employee engaged in sexual harassment.1/01/2019
AB 2844Insurance Broker CommissionsCreates rebuttable presumption that commission is lawful if compliant with other provisions and paid per written agreement.1/01/2019
AB 3109Waivers of Right of Petition or Free SpeechProvides that a contract or settlement agreement provision is void and unenforceable if it waives a party’s right to testify about criminal conduct or sexual harassment committed by the other party.1/01/2019
AB 3247Arbitration AgreementsMandates that if a party to an arbitration agreement refuses to arbitrate, the court must order arbitration when petitioned by another party, unless grounds exist for rescission of the arbitration agreement. 1/01/2019
SB 224Harassment LiabilityAmends Civil Code to impose liability on a defendant who “holds himself or herself out as being able to help the plaintiff establish a business, service, or professional relationship with the defendant or a third party,” including elected officials, lobbyists, directors, and producers.1/01/2019
SB 820Non-Disclosure AgreementsProhibits confidentiality provisions in settlement agreements that would thwart disclosure of information related to claims of sexual assault, harassment, and discrimination. 1/01/2019
SB 826Board of Directors MembershipMandates that publicly held corporations must have a set number of women on their board of directors, based on the number of individuals on the board.1/01/2019
SB 1123Paid Family Military LeaveAmends the Family Temporary Disability Insurance Program to include time off for a servicemember to participate in a qualifying exigency related to a covered active duty.1/01/2021
SB 1252Wage Record ReceiptAllows current and former employees to request a copy of their wage record that they can keep. 1/01/2019
SB 130012Discrimination and HarassmentAmong other things, curtails an employer’s ability to utilize non-disparagement clauses and certain waivers for claims asserted under the state Fair Employment and Housing Act.1/01/2019
SB 1343Sexual Harassment Training: GeneralRequires employers with five or more employees to provide at least two hours of sexual harassment training to all supervisory employees and at least one hour of sexual harassment training to all nonsupervisory employees by January 1, 2020, and once every two years thereafter. 1/01/2019
SB 1402Customer Liability in Labor Contracting: Port Drayage Establishes joint and several liability for customers who use or engage port drayage motor carriers if those carriers have unpaid wages, taxes, or workers’ compensation claims.1/01/2019
SB 1412Criminal HistoryCreates additional exemptions to the restriction on inquiring about an applicant’s prior arrest and detention record.1/01/2019
SB 1428Employment of MinorsWork permits may not be denied based on grades, GPA, or school attendance for minors seeking to participate in government-administered programs during school breaks.1/01/2019
SB 1500Discrimination Against Service MembersProhibits employers from discharging or halting benefits of an employee for being a member of the military reserve or because of ordered military duty or training.1/01/2019
Oakland, Measure ZHotel Worker ProtectionsAmends Oakland municipal code to raise minimum wage for covered hotel employees, require employers to provide panic buttons, and limit mandatory overtime, among other items. Minimum wage increase takes effect in 2019, with potential regulations and enforcement mechanisms likely by 2020.7/01/2019
AB 37513Consumer PrivacyAllows a consumer to request a business disclose the personal information it collects, the categories of sources that collect the information, the business purposes for collecting or selling the information, and the categories of third parties with which the information is shared.1/01/2020
SB 97014Human Trafficking Training: Hotels and MotelsRequires hotels and motels subject to the Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) to provide at least 20 minutes of training regarding human trafficking awareness to each employee likely to interact or come into contact with victims of human trafficking.1/01/2020
SB 1121Consumer PrivacyAmends the new California Consumer Privacy Act (AB 375, above) to allow consumers to recover damages from a business if the business does not use reasonable security procedures to protect confidential information, and a breach occurs. 1/01/2020

 

Colorado
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
HB 1186Benefits: Contraceptive CoverageRequires health benefit plans to cover a multiple-months’ supply of prescription contraceptives or contraceptive ring intended to last for a three-month period. 1/01/2019

 

Connecticut
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 31-410 et seq.15Mandatory IRAsRequires private-sector employers without their own workplace-based retirement plans to enroll employees in Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs) sponsored by the state. Per recent announcement, the law will be phased-in beginning in 2019. The requirement stems from legislation enacted in 2016.1/01/2019
HB 5210Benefits: Essential Health Care Requires insurance coverage of certain health benefits, and expands benefits for women and individuals age 21 and under to include coverage for preventive services and screenings, immunizations, and contraceptives. 1/01/2019
HB 538616Salary History Inquiries Prohibits an employer from inquiring about an applicant’s salary history before an offer of employment, unless the applicant voluntarily discloses such information.1/01/2019

 

Delaware
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
HB 36017Sexual Harassment Protections and TrainingRequires employers with 50 or more employees to provide sexual harassment training to new employees within one year of employment, to existing employees within one year of the effective date of this act, and every two years thereafter.1/01/2019
HB 483Training and Youth WagesCreates a minimum training wage and youth wage of no more than $0.50 less than the state minimum wage. Training wage applies during the first 90 days of employment of an employee who is age 18 or older. 1/01/2019
HB 409Mini-WARNRequires employers with 50+ employees to provide 60 days’ notice to affected employees, the Delaware Department of Labor WARN Act Administrator, and the Delaware Workforce Development Board of mass layoffs, plant closings, or relocations that will cause employment loss. 1/07/2019

 

Hawaii
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
SB 235118Salary History Restrictions and Wage TransparencyProhibits employers from inquiring about an applicant’s salary history or relying on that information when determining what compensation to offer the applicant. 1/01/2019

 

Illinois
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
SB 2999Expense ReimbursementRequires employers to reimburse employees for all necessary expenditures or losses directly related to services performed by the employer.1/01/2019
SB 3547Service Member Employee Reemployment Rights ActProhibits employers from imposing conditions for military leave. Service members must provide notice of pending service to employers to take military leave. 6/01/2019

 

Massachusetts
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
SB 2632Unpaid Veterans Leave for Memorial Day and Veterans DayAmends prior leave law to require private employers to grant leave, paid or unpaid, for Memorial Day or Veterans Day to an employee who is a veteran. 11/08/2018
HB 464019Minimum Wage, Sunday and Holiday Premium Pay, and State Paid Family Medical LeaveIncreases the minimum wage from $11 to $15 over five years, culminating in 2023. Gradually eliminates premium pay for retail employees on Sundays and holidays. Requires employers to provide paid family and medical leave to covered individuals.1/01/2019

 

Michigan
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
Adopted Ballot Measures20Paid Sick and Safe Time, Minimum Wage RaiseThe Earned Sick Time Act requires all private employers with one or more employees to provide paid sick and safe leave. The Improved Workforce Opportunity Wage Act raises the minimum wage in yearly steps until January 1, 2023, and each subsequent January 1, when the minimum wage is increased based on inflation. These laws may be subject to amendment during the ongoing legislative session, and the effective date is uncertain.Approx. 4/01/2019
Approved Ballot Measure, Proposal 121MarijuanaPermits adult recreational possession, use, and cultivation of marijuana. Commercial growing, marketing, and sales will follow after regulations are developed.Approx. 12/06/2018

 

Minnesota​
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
Duluth Ordinance No. 15071Paid Sick LeaveRequires employers in Duluth with 5 or more employees to provide employees with one hour of earned sick and safe time for every 50 hours worked.1/1/2020

 

Missouri
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
Approved Ballot Measure, Amendment 222MarijuanaAuthorizes qualifying residents or their caregivers to obtain identification cards to purchase marijuana, to alleviate the effect of certain medical conditions. Under this state constitutional amendment, application materials must be made available in June 2019. Approx. 6/04/2019

 

New Hampshire
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
HB 1372Subcutaneous Identification DevicesProhibits requiring, coercing, or compelling another individual to implant a subcutaneous identification device, either internally or externally.1/01/2019

 

New Mexico
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
HB 276Statements of WithholdingRequires employers to submit annual statements of withholding electronically to the state tax department. 1/01/2019

 

New York
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
New York City Int. 0632-201823Discrimination & HarassmentRequires all private NYC employers with 15 or more employees to conduct annual anti-sexual harassment training.4/01/2019
Westchester County Local Law 1062324Paid Sick LeaveRequires covered employers to allow eligible employees to accrue one hour of earned paid sick time for every 30 hours worked up to 40 hours per year. 4/10/2019

 

Ohio
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
SB 22025CybersecurityProvides legal safe harbor to businesses that implement a program for protecting personal information that meets industry standards. 11/03/2018

 

Texas
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
San Antonio Ordinance26Paid Sick LeaveRequires employers to provide one hour of earned sick time leave for every 30 hours worked within the City of San Antonio. Enforceability may be affected by pending litigation concerning the Austin paid sick law.8/01/2019

 

Utah
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
Approved Ballot Measure, Proposition 227MarijuanaAuthorizes qualifying residents or their caregivers to obtain identification cards to purchase marijuana, to alleviate the effect of certain medical conditions. Under Proposition 2, cards must be issued no later than March 1, 2020. The Utah legislature may soon pass a bill to amend this measure.In flux

 

Washington
LawMain TopicSummaryEffective
Date
SB 5975Paid Family LeaveRequires employers to provide 12 weeks of paid time off for the birth/adoption of a child, or for the serious medical condition of the employee or the employee’s family members. 12/31/2019
HB 2822Service Animal MisrepresentationAmends Washington’s discrimination law to clearly define “service animal,” and creates a maximum penalty of $500 for misrepresenting an animal as a service animal.1/01/2019
Seattle Ordinance, CB 11928628Domestic Worker OrdinanceExtends various protections (minimum wage, rest breaks) to domestic workers in Seattle.7/01/2019

 

Information contained in this publication is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or opinion, nor is it a substitute for the professional judgment of an attorney.

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